AdaBoostM1.java
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weka.classifiers.meta |
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Weka |
View: Reasons, Metrics, Source Code
These are the metrics that contribute to the Enerjy Score for this file, ranked by impact. So the metrics listed at the top influence the score to a greater extent that the metrics listed at the bottom.
| Metric | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| JAVA0177 | JAVA0177 Variable declaration missing initializer |  |
| EXEC_COMMENTS | Comments in executable code | |
| LOOPS | Number of loops | |
| DOC_COMMENT | Number of javadoc comment lines | |
| COMMENTS | Comment lines | |
| DECL_COMMENTS | Comments in declarations | |
| SIZE | Size of the file in bytes | |
| LINE_COMMENT | Number of line comments | |
| JAVA0267 | JAVA0267 Use of System.err | |
| LINES | Number of lines in the source file | |
| EXITS | Procedure exits | |
| JAVA0233 | JAVA0233 Definition of serialVersionUID other than 'private static final long serialVersionUID' | |
| LOGICAL_LINES | Number of statements | |
| JAVA0034 | JAVA0034 Missing braces in if statement | |
| OPERANDS | Number of operands | |
| PROGRAM_VOCAB | Halstead program vocabulary | |
| PROGRAM_LENGTH | Halstead program length | |
| UNIQUE_OPERANDS | Number of unique operands | |
| OPERATORS | Number of operators | |
| ELOC | Effective lines of code | |
| JAVA0076 | JAVA0076 Use of magic number | |
| JAVA0119 | JAVA0119 Control variable changed within body of for loop | |
| COMPARISONS | Number of comparison operators | |
| RETURNS | Number of return points from functions | |
| LOC | Lines of code | |
| BLOCKS | Number of blocks | |
| CYCLOMATIC | Cyclomatic complexity | |
| UNIQUE_OPERATORS | Number of unique operators | |
| JAVA0117 | JAVA0117 Missing javadoc: method 'method' | |
| JAVA0144 | JAVA0144 Line exceeds maximum M characters | |
| PROGRAM_VOLUME | Halstead program volume | |
| JAVA0136 | JAVA0136 N methods defined in class (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0035 | JAVA0035 Missing braces in for statement | |
| JAVA0126 | JAVA0126 Method declares unchecked exception in throws | |
| JAVA0110 | JAVA0110 Incorrect javadoc: no @return tag | |
| INTERFACE_COMPLEXITY | Interface complexity | |
| JAVA0108 | JAVA0108 Incorrect javadoc: no @param tag for 'parameter' | |
| JAVA0145 | JAVA0145 Tab character used in source file | |
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
/*
* AdaBoostM1.java
* Copyright (C) 1999 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
*
*/
package weka.classifiers.meta;
import weka.classifiers.Classifier;
import weka.classifiers.Evaluation;
import weka.classifiers.RandomizableIteratedSingleClassifierEnhancer;
import weka.classifiers.Sourcable;
import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.Randomizable;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformationHandler;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.core.WeightedInstancesHandler;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation.Field;
import weka.core.TechnicalInformation.Type;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Vector;
/**
<!-- globalinfo-start -->
* Class for boosting a nominal class classifier using the Adaboost M1 method. Only nominal class problems can be tackled. Often dramatically improves performance, but sometimes overfits.<br/>
* <br/>
* For more information, see<br/>
* <br/>
* Yoav Freund, Robert E. Schapire: Experiments with a new boosting algorithm. In: Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Learning, San Francisco, 148-156, 1996.
* <p/>
<!-- globalinfo-end -->
*
<!-- technical-bibtex-start -->
* BibTeX:
* <pre>
* @inproceedings{Freund1996,
* address = {San Francisco},
* author = {Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire},
* booktitle = {Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Learning},
* pages = {148-156},
* publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
* title = {Experiments with a new boosting algorithm},
* year = {1996}
* }
* </pre>
* <p/>
<!-- technical-bibtex-end -->
*
<!-- options-start -->
* Valid options are: <p/>
*
* <pre> -P <num>
* Percentage of weight mass to base training on.
* (default 100, reduce to around 90 speed up)</pre>
*
* <pre> -Q
* Use resampling for boosting.</pre>
*
* <pre> -S <num>
* Random number seed.
* (default 1)</pre>
*
* <pre> -I <num>
* Number of iterations.
* (default 10)</pre>
*
* <pre> -D
* If set, classifier is run in debug mode and
* may output additional info to the console</pre>
*
* <pre> -W
* Full name of base classifier.
* (default: weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump)</pre>
*
* <pre>
* Options specific to classifier weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump:
* </pre>
*
* <pre> -D
* If set, classifier is run in debug mode and
* may output additional info to the console</pre>
*
<!-- options-end -->
*
* Options after -- are passed to the designated classifier.<p>
*
* @author Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
* @author Len Trigg (trigg@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
* @version $Revision: 1.40 $
*/
public class AdaBoostM1
extends RandomizableIteratedSingleClassifierEnhancer
implements WeightedInstancesHandler, Sourcable, TechnicalInformationHandler {
/** for serialization */
static final long serialVersionUID = -7378107808933117974L;
/** Max num iterations tried to find classifier with non-zero error. */
private static int MAX_NUM_RESAMPLING_ITERATIONS = 10;
/** Array for storing the weights for the votes. */
protected double [] m_Betas;
/** The number of successfully generated base classifiers. */
protected int m_NumIterationsPerformed;
/** Weight Threshold. The percentage of weight mass used in training */
protected int m_WeightThreshold = 100;
/** Use boosting with reweighting? */
protected boolean m_UseResampling;
/** The number of classes */
protected int m_NumClasses;
/** a ZeroR model in case no model can be built from the data */
protected Classifier m_ZeroR;
/**
* Constructor.
*/
public AdaBoostM1() {
m_Classifier = new weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump();
}
/**
* Returns a string describing classifier
* @return a description suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String globalInfo() {
return "Class for boosting a nominal class classifier using the Adaboost "
+ "M1 method. Only nominal class problems can be tackled. Often "
+ "dramatically improves performance, but sometimes overfits.\n\n"
+ "For more information, see\n\n"
+ getTechnicalInformation().toString();
}
/**
* Returns an instance of a TechnicalInformation object, containing
* detailed information about the technical background of this class,
* e.g., paper reference or book this class is based on.
*
* @return the technical information about this class
*/
public TechnicalInformation getTechnicalInformation() {
TechnicalInformation result;
result = new TechnicalInformation(Type.INPROCEEDINGS);
result.setValue(Field.AUTHOR, "Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire");
result.setValue(Field.TITLE, "Experiments with a new boosting algorithm");
result.setValue(Field.BOOKTITLE, "Thirteenth International Conference on Machine Learning");
result.setValue(Field.YEAR, "1996");
result.setValue(Field.PAGES, "148-156");
result.setValue(Field.PUBLISHER, "Morgan Kaufmann");
result.setValue(Field.ADDRESS, "San Francisco");
return result;
}
/**
* String describing default classifier.
*
* @return the default classifier classname
*/
protected String defaultClassifierString() {
return "weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump";
}
/**
* Select only instances with weights that contribute to
* the specified quantile of the weight distribution
*
* @param data the input instances
* @param quantile the specified quantile eg 0.9 to select
* 90% of the weight mass
* @return the selected instances
*/
protected Instances selectWeightQuantile(Instances data, double quantile) {
int numInstances = data.numInstances();
Instances trainData = new Instances(data, numInstances);
double [] weights = new double [numInstances];
double sumOfWeights = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < numInstances; i++) {
weights[i] = data.instance(i).weight();
sumOfWeights += weights[i];
}
double weightMassToSelect = sumOfWeights * quantile;
int [] sortedIndices = Utils.sort(weights);
// Select the instances
sumOfWeights = 0;
for(int i = numInstances - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
Instance instance = (Instance)data.instance(sortedIndices[i]).copy();
trainData.add(instance);
sumOfWeights += weights[sortedIndices[i]];
if ((sumOfWeights > weightMassToSelect) &&
(i > 0) &&
(weights[sortedIndices[i]] != weights[sortedIndices[i - 1]])) {
break;
}
}
if (m_Debug) {
System.err.println("Selected " + trainData.numInstances()
+ " out of " + numInstances);
}
return trainData;
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
*
* @return an enumeration of all the available options.
*/
public Enumeration listOptions() {
Vector newVector = new Vector();
newVector.addElement(new Option(
"\tPercentage of weight mass to base training on.\n"
+"\t(default 100, reduce to around 90 speed up)",
"P", 1, "-P <num>"));
newVector.addElement(new Option(
"\tUse resampling for boosting.",
"Q", 0, "-Q"));
Enumeration enu = super.listOptions();
while (enu.hasMoreElements()) {
newVector.addElement(enu.nextElement());
}
return newVector.elements();
}
/**
* Parses a given list of options. <p/>
*
<!-- options-start -->
* Valid options are: <p/>
*
* <pre> -P <num>
* Percentage of weight mass to base training on.
* (default 100, reduce to around 90 speed up)</pre>
*
* <pre> -Q
* Use resampling for boosting.</pre>
*
* <pre> -S <num>
* Random number seed.
* (default 1)</pre>
*
* <pre> -I <num>
* Number of iterations.
* (default 10)</pre>
*
* <pre> -D
* If set, classifier is run in debug mode and
* may output additional info to the console</pre>
*
* <pre> -W
* Full name of base classifier.
* (default: weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump)</pre>
*
* <pre>
* Options specific to classifier weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump:
* </pre>
*
* <pre> -D
* If set, classifier is run in debug mode and
* may output additional info to the console</pre>
*
<!-- options-end -->
*
* Options after -- are passed to the designated classifier.<p>
*
* @param options the list of options as an array of strings
* @throws Exception if an option is not supported
*/
public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
String thresholdString = Utils.getOption('P', options);
if (thresholdString.length() != 0) {
setWeightThreshold(Integer.parseInt(thresholdString));
} else {
setWeightThreshold(100);
}
setUseResampling(Utils.getFlag('Q', options));
super.setOptions(options);
}
/**
* Gets the current settings of the Classifier.
*
* @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions
*/
public String[] getOptions() {
Vector result;
String[] options;
int i;
result = new Vector();
if (getUseResampling())
result.add("-Q");
result.add("-P");
result.add("" + getWeightThreshold());
options = super.getOptions();
for (i = 0; i < options.length; i++)
result.add(options[i]);
return (String[]) result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
}
/**
* Returns the tip text for this property
* @return tip text for this property suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String weightThresholdTipText() {
return "Weight threshold for weight pruning.";
}
/**
* Set weight threshold
*
* @param threshold the percentage of weight mass used for training
*/
public void setWeightThreshold(int threshold) {
m_WeightThreshold = threshold;
}
/**
* Get the degree of weight thresholding
*
* @return the percentage of weight mass used for training
*/
public int getWeightThreshold() {
return m_WeightThreshold;
}
/**
* Returns the tip text for this property
* @return tip text for this property suitable for
* displaying in the explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String useResamplingTipText() {
return "Whether resampling is used instead of reweighting.";
}
/**
* Set resampling mode
*
* @param r true if resampling should be done
*/
public void setUseResampling(boolean r) {
m_UseResampling = r;
}
/**
* Get whether resampling is turned on
*
* @return true if resampling output is on
*/
public boolean getUseResampling() {
return m_UseResampling;
}
/**
* Returns default capabilities of the classifier.
*
* @return the capabilities of this classifier
*/
public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();
// class
result.disableAllClasses();
result.disableAllClassDependencies();
if (super.getCapabilities().handles(Capability.NOMINAL_CLASS))
result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_CLASS);
if (super.getCapabilities().handles(Capability.BINARY_CLASS))
result.enable(Capability.BINARY_CLASS);
return result;
}
/**
* Boosting method.
*
* @param data the training data to be used for generating the
* boosted classifier.
* @throws Exception if the classifier could not be built successfully
*/
public void buildClassifier(Instances data) throws Exception {
super.buildClassifier(data);
// can classifier handle the data?
getCapabilities().testWithFail(data);
// remove instances with missing class
data = new Instances(data);
data.deleteWithMissingClass();
// only class? -> build ZeroR model
if (data.numAttributes() == 1) {
System.err.println(
"Cannot build model (only class attribute present in data!), "
+ "using ZeroR model instead!");
m_ZeroR = new weka.classifiers.rules.ZeroR();
m_ZeroR.buildClassifier(data);
return;
}
else {
m_ZeroR = null;
}
m_NumClasses = data.numClasses();
if ((!m_UseResampling) &&
(m_Classifier instanceof WeightedInstancesHandler)) {
buildClassifierWithWeights(data);
} else {
buildClassifierUsingResampling(data);
}
}
/**
* Boosting method. Boosts using resampling
*
* @param data the training data to be used for generating the
* boosted classifier.
* @throws Exception if the classifier could not be built successfully
*/
protected void buildClassifierUsingResampling(Instances data)
throws Exception {
Instances trainData, sample, training;
double epsilon, reweight, sumProbs;
Evaluation evaluation;
int numInstances = data.numInstances();
Random randomInstance = new Random(m_Seed);
int resamplingIterations = 0;
// Initialize data
m_Betas = new double [m_Classifiers.length];
m_NumIterationsPerformed = 0;
// Create a copy of the data so that when the weights are diddled
// with it doesn't mess up the weights for anyone else
training = new Instances(data, 0, numInstances);
sumProbs = training.sumOfWeights();
for (int i = 0; i < training.numInstances(); i++) {
training.instance(i).setWeight(training.instance(i).
weight() / sumProbs);
}
// Do boostrap iterations
for (m_NumIterationsPerformed = 0; m_NumIterationsPerformed < m_Classifiers.length;
m_NumIterationsPerformed++) {
if (m_Debug) {
System.err.println("Training classifier " + (m_NumIterationsPerformed + 1));
}
// Select instances to train the classifier on
if (m_WeightThreshold < 100) {
trainData = selectWeightQuantile(training,
(double)m_WeightThreshold / 100);
} else {
trainData = new Instances(training);
}
// Resample
resamplingIterations = 0;
double[] weights = new double[trainData.numInstances()];
for (int i = 0; i < weights.length; i++) {
weights[i] = trainData.instance(i).weight();
}
do {
sample = trainData.resampleWithWeights(randomInstance, weights);
// Build and evaluate classifier
m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed].buildClassifier(sample);
evaluation = new Evaluation(data);
evaluation.evaluateModel(m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed],
training);
epsilon = evaluation.errorRate();
resamplingIterations++;
} while (Utils.eq(epsilon, 0) &&
(resamplingIterations < MAX_NUM_RESAMPLING_ITERATIONS));
// Stop if error too big or 0
if (Utils.grOrEq(epsilon, 0.5) || Utils.eq(epsilon, 0)) {
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 0) {
m_NumIterationsPerformed = 1; // If we're the first we have to to use it
}
break;
}
// Determine the weight to assign to this model
m_Betas[m_NumIterationsPerformed] = Math.log((1 - epsilon) / epsilon);
reweight = (1 - epsilon) / epsilon;
if (m_Debug) {
System.err.println("\terror rate = " + epsilon
+" beta = " + m_Betas[m_NumIterationsPerformed]);
}
// Update instance weights
setWeights(training, reweight);
}
}
/**
* Sets the weights for the next iteration.
*
* @param training the training instances
* @param reweight the reweighting factor
* @throws Exception if something goes wrong
*/
protected void setWeights(Instances training, double reweight)
throws Exception {
double oldSumOfWeights, newSumOfWeights;
oldSumOfWeights = training.sumOfWeights();
Enumeration enu = training.enumerateInstances();
while (enu.hasMoreElements()) {
Instance instance = (Instance) enu.nextElement();
if (!Utils.eq(m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed].classifyInstance(instance),
instance.classValue()))
instance.setWeight(instance.weight() * reweight);
}
// Renormalize weights
newSumOfWeights = training.sumOfWeights();
enu = training.enumerateInstances();
while (enu.hasMoreElements()) {
Instance instance = (Instance) enu.nextElement();
instance.setWeight(instance.weight() * oldSumOfWeights
/ newSumOfWeights);
}
}
/**
* Boosting method. Boosts any classifier that can handle weighted
* instances.
*
* @param data the training data to be used for generating the
* boosted classifier.
* @throws Exception if the classifier could not be built successfully
*/
protected void buildClassifierWithWeights(Instances data)
throws Exception {
Instances trainData, training;
double epsilon, reweight;
Evaluation evaluation;
int numInstances = data.numInstances();
Random randomInstance = new Random(m_Seed);
// Initialize data
m_Betas = new double [m_Classifiers.length];
m_NumIterationsPerformed = 0;
// Create a copy of the data so that when the weights are diddled
// with it doesn't mess up the weights for anyone else
training = new Instances(data, 0, numInstances);
// Do boostrap iterations
for (m_NumIterationsPerformed = 0; m_NumIterationsPerformed < m_Classifiers.length;
m_NumIterationsPerformed++) {
if (m_Debug) {
System.err.println("Training classifier " + (m_NumIterationsPerformed + 1));
}
// Select instances to train the classifier on
if (m_WeightThreshold < 100) {
trainData = selectWeightQuantile(training,
(double)m_WeightThreshold / 100);
} else {
trainData = new Instances(training, 0, numInstances);
}
// Build the classifier
if (m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed] instanceof Randomizable)
((Randomizable) m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed]).setSeed(randomInstance.nextInt());
m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed].buildClassifier(trainData);
// Evaluate the classifier
evaluation = new Evaluation(data);
evaluation.evaluateModel(m_Classifiers[m_NumIterationsPerformed], training);
epsilon = evaluation.errorRate();
// Stop if error too small or error too big and ignore this model
if (Utils.grOrEq(epsilon, 0.5) || Utils.eq(epsilon, 0)) {
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 0) {
m_NumIterationsPerformed = 1; // If we're the first we have to to use it
}
break;
}
// Determine the weight to assign to this model
m_Betas[m_NumIterationsPerformed] = Math.log((1 - epsilon) / epsilon);
reweight = (1 - epsilon) / epsilon;
if (m_Debug) {
System.err.println("\terror rate = " + epsilon
+" beta = " + m_Betas[m_NumIterationsPerformed]);
}
// Update instance weights
setWeights(training, reweight);
}
}
/**
* Calculates the class membership probabilities for the given test instance.
*
* @param instance the instance to be classified
* @return predicted class probability distribution
* @throws Exception if instance could not be classified
* successfully
*/
public double [] distributionForInstance(Instance instance)
throws Exception {
// default model?
if (m_ZeroR != null) {
return m_ZeroR.distributionForInstance(instance);
}
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 0) {
throw new Exception("No model built");
}
double [] sums = new double [instance.numClasses()];
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 1) {
return m_Classifiers[0].distributionForInstance(instance);
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < m_NumIterationsPerformed; i++) {
sums[(int)m_Classifiers[i].classifyInstance(instance)] += m_Betas[i];
}
return Utils.logs2probs(sums);
}
}
/**
* Returns the boosted model as Java source code.
*
* @param className the classname of the generated class
* @return the tree as Java source code
* @throws Exception if something goes wrong
*/
public String toSource(String className) throws Exception {
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 0) {
throw new Exception("No model built yet");
}
if (!(m_Classifiers[0] instanceof Sourcable)) {
throw new Exception("Base learner " + m_Classifier.getClass().getName()
+ " is not Sourcable");
}
StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer("class ");
text.append(className).append(" {\n\n");
text.append(" public static double classify(Object[] i) {\n");
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 1) {
text.append(" return " + className + "_0.classify(i);\n");
} else {
text.append(" double [] sums = new double [" + m_NumClasses + "];\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m_NumIterationsPerformed; i++) {
text.append(" sums[(int) " + className + '_' + i
+ ".classify(i)] += " + m_Betas[i] + ";\n");
}
text.append(" double maxV = sums[0];\n" +
" int maxI = 0;\n"+
" for (int j = 1; j < " + m_NumClasses + "; j++) {\n"+
" if (sums[j] > maxV) { maxV = sums[j]; maxI = j; }\n"+
" }\n return (double) maxI;\n");
}
text.append(" }\n}\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m_Classifiers.length; i++) {
text.append(((Sourcable)m_Classifiers[i])
.toSource(className + '_' + i));
}
return text.toString();
}
/**
* Returns description of the boosted classifier.
*
* @return description of the boosted classifier as a string
*/
public String toString() {
// only ZeroR model?
if (m_ZeroR != null) {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
buf.append(this.getClass().getName().replaceAll(".*\\.", "") + "\n");
buf.append(this.getClass().getName().replaceAll(".*\\.", "").replaceAll(".", "=") + "\n\n");
buf.append("Warning: No model could be built, hence ZeroR model is used:\n\n");
buf.append(m_ZeroR.toString());
return buf.toString();
}
StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 0) {
text.append("AdaBoostM1: No model built yet.\n");
} else if (m_NumIterationsPerformed == 1) {
text.append("AdaBoostM1: No boosting possible, one classifier used!\n");
text.append(m_Classifiers[0].toString() + "\n");
} else {
text.append("AdaBoostM1: Base classifiers and their weights: \n\n");
for (int i = 0; i < m_NumIterationsPerformed ; i++) {
text.append(m_Classifiers[i].toString() + "\n\n");
text.append("Weight: " + Utils.roundDouble(m_Betas[i], 2) + "\n\n");
}
text.append("Number of performed Iterations: "
+ m_NumIterationsPerformed + "\n");
}
return text.toString();
}
/**
* Returns the revision string.
*
* @return the revision
*/
public String getRevision() {
return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 1.40 $");
}
/**
* Main method for testing this class.
*
* @param argv the options
*/
public static void main(String [] argv) {
runClassifier(new AdaBoostM1(), argv);
}
}
The table below shows all metrics for AdaBoostM1.java.
| Metric | Value | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BLOCKS | 70.00 | Number of blocks | |
| BLOCK_COMMENT | 20.00 | Number of block comment lines | |
| COMMENTS | 301.00 | Comment lines | |
| COMMENT_DENSITY | 0.96 | Comment density | |
| COMPARISONS | 53.00 | Number of comparison operators | |
| CYCLOMATIC | 72.00 | Cyclomatic complexity | |
| DECL_COMMENTS | 35.00 | Comments in declarations | |
| DOC_COMMENT | 253.00 | Number of javadoc comment lines | |
| ELOC | 315.00 | Effective lines of code | |
| EXEC_COMMENTS | 26.00 | Comments in executable code | |
| EXITS | 69.00 | Procedure exits | |
| FUNCTIONS | 24.00 | Number of function declarations | |
| HALSTEAD_DIFFICULTY | 89.27 | Halstead difficulty | |
| HALSTEAD_EFFORT | 0.00 | Halstead effort | |
| INTERFACE_COMPLEXITY | 62.00 | Interface complexity | |
| JAVA0001 | 0.00 | JAVA0001 Package name does not contain only lower case letters | |
| JAVA0002 | 1.00 | JAVA0002 Package name does not begin with a top level domain name or country code | |
| JAVA0003 | 0.00 | JAVA0003 Minimize use of on-demand (.*) imports | |
| JAVA0004 | 0.00 | JAVA0004 Unnecessary import from java.lang | |
| JAVA0005 | 1.00 | JAVA0005 Imports not in specified order | |
| JAVA0006 | 0.00 | JAVA0006 Empty finally block | |
| JAVA0007 | 0.00 | JAVA0007 Should not declare public field | |
| JAVA0008 | 0.00 | JAVA0008 Empty catch block | |
| JAVA0009 | 0.00 | JAVA0009 Protected member in final class | |
| JAVA0010 | 0.00 | JAVA0010 Non-instantiable class does not contain a non-private static member | |
| JAVA0011 | 0.00 | JAVA0011 Abstract class does not contain an abstract method | |
| JAVA0012 | 0.00 | JAVA0012 Non-constructor method with same name as declaring class | |
| JAVA0013 | 0.00 | JAVA0013 Non-blank final field is not static | |
| JAVA0014 | 0.00 | JAVA0014 Class with only static members has non-private constructor | |
| JAVA0015 | 0.00 | JAVA0015 Package class contains public nested type | |
| JAVA0016 | 0.00 | JAVA0016 Abstract class contains public constructor | |
| JAVA0017 | 0.00 | JAVA0017 Class name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0018 | 0.00 | JAVA0018 Method name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0019 | 0.00 | JAVA0019 Interface name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0020 | 0.00 | JAVA0020 Field name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0021 | 0.00 | JAVA0021 Interface method name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0022 | 0.00 | JAVA0022 Static final field name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0023 | 0.00 | JAVA0023 Empty finalize method | |
| JAVA0024 | 0.00 | JAVA0024 Empty class | |
| JAVA0025 | 0.00 | JAVA0025 Method override is empty | |
| JAVA0026 | 0.00 | JAVA0026 Finalize method with parameters | |
| JAVA0029 | 0.00 | JAVA0029 Private method not used | |
| JAVA0030 | 0.00 | JAVA0030 Private field not used | |
| JAVA0031 | 0.00 | JAVA0031 Case statement not properly closed | |
| JAVA0032 | 0.00 | JAVA0032 Switch statement missing default | |
| JAVA0033 | 0.00 | JAVA0033 default: not last case in switch statement | |
| JAVA0034 | 5.00 | JAVA0034 Missing braces in if statement | |
| JAVA0035 | 1.00 | JAVA0035 Missing braces in for statement | |
| JAVA0036 | 0.00 | JAVA0036 Missing braces in while statement | |
| JAVA0038 | 0.00 | JAVA0038 Non-case label in switch statement | |
| JAVA0039 | 0.00 | JAVA0039 Break statement with label | |
| JAVA0040 | 0.00 | JAVA0040 Switch statement contains N cases (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0041 | 0.00 | JAVA0041 Nested synchronized block | |
| JAVA0042 | 0.00 | JAVA0042 Empty synchronized statement | |
| JAVA0043 | 0.00 | JAVA0043 Inner class does not use outer class | |
| JAVA0044 | 0.00 | JAVA0044 Serializable class with no instance variables | |
| JAVA0045 | 0.00 | JAVA0045 Serializable class with only transient fields | |
| JAVA0046 | 0.00 | JAVA0046 Name of class not derived from Exception ends with 'Exception' | |
| JAVA0047 | 0.00 | JAVA0047 Serializable class derives from invalid base class | |
| JAVA0048 | 0.00 | JAVA0048 Name of class derived from Exception does not end with 'Exception' | |
| JAVA0049 | 0.00 | JAVA0049 Nested block at depth N (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0050 | 0.00 | JAVA0050 Class derives from java.lang.Error | |
| JAVA0051 | 0.00 | JAVA0051 Class derives from java.lang.RuntimeException | |
| JAVA0052 | 0.00 | JAVA0052 Class derives from java.lang.Throwable | |
| JAVA0053 | 0.00 | JAVA0053 Unused label | |
| JAVA0054 | 1.00 | JAVA0054 Inheritance depth N exceeds maximum M | |
| JAVA0055 | 0.00 | JAVA0055 Class should be interface | |
| JAVA0056 | 0.00 | JAVA0056 Unnecessary abstract modifier for interface or annotation | |
| JAVA0057 | 0.00 | JAVA0057 Unnecessary default constructor | |
| JAVA0058 | 0.00 | JAVA0058 Constructor calls super() | |
| JAVA0059 | 0.00 | JAVA0059 Method override only calls super() | |
| JAVA0061 | 0.00 | JAVA0061 Inaccessible member in anonymous class | |
| JAVA0062 | 0.00 | JAVA0062 Public class missing public member or protected constructor | |
| JAVA0063 | 0.00 | JAVA0063 Identifier name should not contain '$' | |
| JAVA0064 | 0.00 | JAVA0064 N variations of identifier name (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0065 | 0.00 | JAVA0065 Unnecessary final modifier for method in final class | |
| JAVA0066 | 0.00 | JAVA0066 Unnecessary modifier for interface nested type | |
| JAVA0067 | 0.00 | JAVA0067 Array descriptor on identifier name | |
| JAVA0068 | 0.00 | JAVA0068 Modifiers not declared in recommended order | |
| JAVA0071 | 0.00 | JAVA0071 Strings compared with == | |
| JAVA0073 | 0.00 | JAVA0073 Integer division in floating-point context | |
| JAVA0074 | 0.00 | JAVA0074 Use of Object.notify() | |
| JAVA0075 | 0.00 | JAVA0075 Method parameter hides field | |
| JAVA0076 | 8.00 | JAVA0076 Use of magic number | |
| JAVA0077 | 0.00 | JAVA0077 Private field not used in declaring class | |
| JAVA0078 | 1.00 | JAVA0078 Floating point values compared with == | |
| JAVA0079 | 0.00 | JAVA0079 Use of instance to reference static member | |
| JAVA0080 | 0.00 | JAVA0080 Import declaration not used | |
| JAVA0081 | 0.00 | JAVA0081 Boolean literal in comparison | |
| JAVA0082 | 0.00 | JAVA0082 Unnecessary widening cast | |
| JAVA0083 | 0.00 | JAVA0083 Unnecessary instanceof test | |
| JAVA0084 | 0.00 | JAVA0084 Should use compound assignment operator | |
| JAVA0085 | 0.00 | JAVA0085 Use of sun.* class | |
| JAVA0087 | 0.00 | JAVA0087 Use of Thread.sleep() | |
| JAVA0089 | 0.00 | JAVA0089 Use of restricted package | |
| JAVA0092 | 0.00 | JAVA0092 Use of restricted type | |
| JAVA0093 | 0.00 | JAVA0093 Redundant assignment | |
| JAVA0094 | 0.00 | JAVA0094 Field hides a superclass field | |
| JAVA0095 | 0.00 | JAVA0095 Uninitialized private field | |
| JAVA0096 | 0.00 | JAVA0096 Field in nested class hides outer field | |
| JAVA0098 | 0.00 | JAVA0098 Minimize use of implicit field initializers | |
| JAVA0100 | 0.00 | JAVA0100 Class contains N non-final fields (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0101 | 0.00 | JAVA0101 Unnecessary modifier for field in interface | |
| JAVA0102 | 0.00 | JAVA0102 Last statement in finalize() not super.finalize() | |
| JAVA0103 | 0.00 | JAVA0103 Explicit call to finalize() | |
| JAVA0104 | 0.00 | JAVA0104 finalize() only calls super.finalize() | |
| JAVA0105 | 0.00 | JAVA0105 Duplicate import declaration | |
| JAVA0106 | 0.00 | JAVA0106 Unnecessary import from current package | |
| JAVA0108 | 0.00 | JAVA0108 Incorrect javadoc: no @param tag for 'parameter' | |
| JAVA0109 | 0.00 | JAVA0109 Incorrect javadoc: no parameter 'parameter' | |
| JAVA0110 | 0.00 | JAVA0110 Incorrect javadoc: no @return tag | |
| JAVA0111 | 0.00 | JAVA0111 Incorrect javadoc: @return tag for void method | |
| JAVA0112 | 0.00 | JAVA0112 Incorrect javadoc: no exception 'exception' in throws | |
| JAVA0113 | 0.00 | JAVA0113 Incorrect javadoc: no @author tag | |
| JAVA0114 | 0.00 | JAVA0114 Incorrect javadoc: no @version tag | |
| JAVA0115 | 0.00 | JAVA0115 Incorrect javadoc: no @throws or @exception tag for 'exception' | |
| JAVA0116 | 0.00 | JAVA0116 Missing javadoc: field 'field' | |
| JAVA0117 | 0.00 | JAVA0117 Missing javadoc: method 'method' | |
| JAVA0118 | 0.00 | JAVA0118 Missing javadoc: type 'type' | |
| JAVA0119 | 2.00 | JAVA0119 Control variable changed within body of for loop | |
| JAVA0123 | 0.00 | JAVA0123 Use all three components of for loop | |
| JAVA0125 | 0.00 | JAVA0125 Continue statement with label | |
| JAVA0126 | 0.00 | JAVA0126 Method declares unchecked exception in throws | |
| JAVA0128 | 0.00 | JAVA0128 Public constructor in non-public class | |
| JAVA0130 | 0.00 | JAVA0130 Non-static method does not use instance fields | |
| JAVA0131 | 0.00 | JAVA0131 Compatible method does not override base | |
| JAVA0132 | 0.00 | JAVA0132 Method overload with compatible signature | |
| JAVA0133 | 0.00 | JAVA0133 Non-synchronized method overrides synchronized method | |
| JAVA0135 | 0.00 | JAVA0135 Only one of Object.equals and Object.hashCode defined: missing 'method' | |
| JAVA0136 | 1.00 | JAVA0136 N methods defined in class (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0137 | 0.00 | JAVA0137 Non-abstract class missing constructor | |
| JAVA0138 | 0.00 | JAVA0138 N parameters defined for method (maximum: M) | |
| JAVA0139 | 0.00 | JAVA0139 Definition of main other than public static void main(java.lang.String[]) | |
| JAVA0141 | 0.00 | JAVA0141 Unnecessary modifier for method in interface | |
| JAVA0143 | 0.00 | JAVA0143 Synchronized method | |
| JAVA0144 | 2.00 | JAVA0144 Line exceeds maximum M characters | |
| JAVA0145 | 98.00 | JAVA0145 Tab character used in source file | |
| JAVA0150 | 0.00 | JAVA0150 java.lang.Error (or subclass) thrown | |
| JAVA0153 | 0.00 | JAVA0153 Inefficient conversion of integer to string | |
| JAVA0159 | 0.00 | JAVA0159 Inefficient conversion of string to integer | |
| JAVA0160 | 0.00 | JAVA0160 Method does not throw specified exception | |
| JAVA0161 | 0.00 | JAVA0161 Conditional wait() not in loop | |
| JAVA0163 | 0.00 | JAVA0163 Empty statement | |
| JAVA0165 | 0.00 | JAVA0165 Conflicting return statement in finally block | |
| JAVA0166 | 0.00 | JAVA0166 Generic exception caught | |
| JAVA0167 | 0.00 | JAVA0167 ThreadDeath not rethrown | |
| JAVA0169 | 0.00 | JAVA0169 Unnecessary catch block: exception 'exception' | |
| JAVA0170 | 0.00 | JAVA0170 Caught exception not derived from java.lang.Exception | |
| JAVA0171 | 0.00 | JAVA0171 Unused local variable | |
| JAVA0173 | 0.00 | JAVA0173 Unused method parameter | |
| JAVA0174 | 0.00 | JAVA0174 Assigned local variable never used | |
| JAVA0175 | 0.00 | JAVA0175 Successive assignment to variable | |
| JAVA0176 | 0.00 | JAVA0176 Local variable name does not have required form | |
| JAVA0177 | 18.00 | JAVA0177 Variable declaration missing initializer | |
| JAVA0179 | 0.00 | JAVA0179 Local variable hides visible field | |
| JAVA0233 | 1.00 | JAVA0233 Definition of serialVersionUID other than 'private static final long serialVersionUID' | |
| JAVA0234 | 0.00 | JAVA0234 Class is Serializable but does not define serialVersionUID | |
| JAVA0235 | 0.00 | JAVA0235 Class defines serialVersionUID but does not implement Serializable | |
| JAVA0236 | 0.00 | JAVA0236 Attempt to clone an object which does not implement Cloneable | |
| JAVA0237 | 1.00 | JAVA0237 Class implements Cloneable but does not have public clone method | |
| JAVA0238 | 0.00 | JAVA0238 Clone method does not call super.clone() | |
| JAVA0239 | 0.00 | JAVA0239 Class declares 'readObject' or 'writeObject' but does not implement Serializable | |
| JAVA0240 | 0.00 | JAVA0240 Serializable class which declares readObject or writeObject but not both | |
| JAVA0241 | 0.00 | JAVA0241 'readObject' or 'writeObject' should be declared private in Serializable class | |
| JAVA0242 | 0.00 | JAVA0242 Transient field in non-Serializable class | |
| JAVA0243 | 0.00 | JAVA0243 'readResolve' or 'writeReplace' should be declared private or protected | |
| JAVA0244 | 0.00 | JAVA0244 Field or method name in subclass differs only by case from inherited field or method | |
| JAVA0245 | 0.00 | JAVA0245 JUnit TestCase with non-trivial constructor | |
| JAVA0246 | 0.00 | JAVA0246 JUnit assertXXX statement missing message parameter | |
| JAVA0247 | 0.00 | JAVA0247 JUnit 'setUp()' and 'tearDown()' should call super method | |
| JAVA0248 | 0.00 | JAVA0248 JUnit method 'setUp' or 'tearDown' with incorrect signature | |
| JAVA0249 | 0.00 | JAVA0249 JUnit TestCase 'suite()' should be declared static | |
| JAVA0250 | 0.00 | JAVA0250 JUnit TestCase declares testXXX method with incorrect signature | |
| JAVA0251 | 0.00 | JAVA0251 Use '%n' for line breaks in printf/format for platform independence | |
| JAVA0252 | 0.00 | JAVA0252 'enum' is a Java 1.5 reserved word | |
| JAVA0253 | 0.00 | JAVA0253 Not all enum constants consumed in switch statement | |
| JAVA0254 | 0.00 | JAVA0254 Use enhanced for loop construct instead of Iterator | |
| JAVA0255 | 0.00 | JAVA0255 Result of method invocation not used | |
| JAVA0256 | 0.00 | JAVA0256 Assignment of external collection/array to field | |
| JAVA0257 | 0.00 | JAVA0257 Use of 'Constant Interface' anti-pattern | |
| JAVA0258 | 0.00 | JAVA0258 Implement Iterable for foreach compatibility | |
| JAVA0259 | 0.00 | JAVA0259 Return of collection/array field | |
| JAVA0260 | 0.00 | JAVA0260 Use 'enum' instead of Enumerated Type pattern | |
| JAVA0261 | 0.00 | JAVA0261 Use specialized Enum collection types | |
| JAVA0262 | 0.00 | JAVA0262 Use of char in integer context | |
| JAVA0263 | 0.00 | JAVA0263 Long literal ends with 'l' instead of 'L' | |
| JAVA0264 | 0.00 | JAVA0264 Integer math in long context - check for overflow | |
| JAVA0265 | 0.00 | JAVA0265 Use of Throwable.printStackTrace() | |
| JAVA0266 | 0.00 | JAVA0266 Use of System.out | |
| JAVA0267 | 6.00 | JAVA0267 Use of System.err | |
| JAVA0269 | 0.00 | JAVA0269 Contents of StringBuffer never used | |
| JAVA0270 | 0.00 | JAVA0270 Use Java 5.0 enhanced for loop construct to iterate over all elements in an array | |
| JAVA0271 | 0.00 | JAVA0271 Minimize use of on-demand (.*) static imports | |
| JAVA0272 | 0.00 | JAVA0272 Thread.run() called | |
| JAVA0273 | 0.00 | JAVA0273 Non-final derivative of Thread calls start() in constructor | |
| JAVA0274 | 0.00 | JAVA0274 Serializable class has a synchronized readObject() | |
| JAVA0275 | 0.00 | JAVA0275 Serializable class has a synchronized writeObject() and no other synchronized methods | |
| JAVA0276 | 0.00 | JAVA0276 Unnecessary use of String constructor | |
| JAVA0277 | 0.00 | JAVA0277 Iterator.next() implementation does not throw NoSuchElementException | |
| JAVA0278 | 0.00 | JAVA0278 Unnecessary use of Boolean constructor | |
| JAVA0279 | 0.00 | JAVA0279 Serialization method readObject or readObjectNoData calls an overridable method | |
| JAVA0280 | 0.00 | JAVA0280 IllegalMonitorStateException caught | |
| JAVA0281 | 0.00 | JAVA0281 Iterator.next() not called in loop | |
| JAVA0282 | 0.00 | JAVA0282 Call to Iterator.next() in loop which does not test Iterator.hasNext() | |
| JAVA0283 | 0.00 | JAVA0283 Control variable not updated in loop body | |
| JAVA0284 | 0.00 | JAVA0284 Explicit garbage collection | |
| JAVA0285 | 0.00 | JAVA0285 Dereference of potentially null variable | |
| JAVA0286 | 0.00 | JAVA0286 Dereference of null variable | |
| JAVA0287 | 0.00 | JAVA0287 Unnecessary null check | |
| JAVA0288 | 0.00 | JAVA0288 Inconsistent null check | |
| LINES | 781.00 | Number of lines in the source file | |
| LINE_COMMENT | 28.00 | Number of line comments | |
| LOC | 377.00 | Lines of code | |
| LOGICAL_LINES | 220.00 | Number of statements | |
| LOOPS | 15.00 | Number of loops | |
| NEST_DEPTH | 4.00 | Maximum nesting depth | |
| OPERANDS | 939.00 | Number of operands | |
| OPERATORS | 1709.00 | Number of operators | |
| PARAMS | 13.00 | Number of formal parameter declarations | |
| PROGRAM_LENGTH | 2648.00 | Halstead program length | |
| PROGRAM_VOCAB | 338.00 | Halstead program vocabulary | |
| PROGRAM_VOLUME | 0.00 | Halstead program volume | |
| RETURNS | 49.00 | Number of return points from functions | |
| SIZE | 23827.00 | Size of the file in bytes | |
| UNIQUE_OPERANDS | 284.00 | Number of unique operands | |
| UNIQUE_OPERATORS | 54.00 | Number of unique operators | |
| WHITESPACE | 103.00 | Number of whitespace lines | |